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2024 Vol. 29, #1 - Analysis of a Distributed Command-and-Control Algorithm to Implement Mosaic Warfare
Stephen D. Donnel, Brian J. Lunday, and Nicholas T. Boardman
Recognizing that communication between assets may be possible locally but not globally (e.g., due to disruptions to a communication net-work), Mosaic Warfare requires the movement and operation of multiple, dispersed assets in smaller groups (i.e., tiles), within which exist hierarchical, functional relationships between assets. This research sets forth and evaluates a hierarchical asset tiling and routing heuristic (HATRH) to implement Mosaic Warfare for an enterprise of aerial assets comprised of air-borne sensors, command and control aircraft, and strike aircraft seeking to move toward and destroy a set of stationary targets. The HATRH is comprised of three, iteratively applied algo-rithms: a grouping algorithm to cluster assets into functional tiles, and two algorithms related to group movement and individual asset move-ment, respectively. Embedded within the latter two algorithms are user-determined parameters that roughly correspond to group and individual asset agency within the mosaic. Extensive testing examined the effect of these parameters and asset density for three different operational scenario designs, and with comparison to optimal (i.e., efficient) asset utilization via two price of anarchy (POA) inspired metrics. Results showed the user-defined parameter corresponding to individual asset agency notably influenced both average munition expenditures and the average distance traveled by assets. In the scenario wherein assets initially surround adversary targets, both the individual and group agency user-defined parameters influence operational efficiency, in terms of munitions expended and fuel consumed.
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2024 Vol. 29, #1 - Optimizing Surveillance Satellites for the Synthetic Theater Operations Research Model
Steven M. Warner and Johannes O. Royset
In response to needs of the Synthetic Theater Operations Research Model (STORM), Warner and Royset developed a mixed-integer linear pro-gram for better utilization of surveillance satellites during a simulated theater-level conflict. The program prescribes plans for how satellites and their sensors should be directed to best search an area of operations. It also specifies the resolution levels employed by the sensors to ensure a suitable fidelity of the resulting images. On average, the program yields 55% improvement in search coverage relative to an existing heuristic algorithm in STORM.
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2024 Vol. 29, #1 - From FMECA to Decision: A Fully Bayesian Reliability Process
Andrew N. Hollis, Timothy A. Moore, Alyson G. Wilson, and Nicholas J. Clark
As acquisition processes have evolved in the military, often the reliability testing is still done using traditional techniques. As large, complex systems are developed using multiple vendors, conducting multiple testing using traditional design of experiments is no longer feasible. Andrew Hollis, Tim Moore, Alyson Wilson, and Nick Clark developed a fully Bayesian reliability process that incorporates prior knowledge from the vendors as well as prior experience from system engineers. The results of this study demonstrate that Bayesian methods can enhance current testing procedures allowing for fewer experimental trials during reliability testing.
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2024 Vol. 29, #1 - Optimal Designs for Multi-Response Experiments
Brittany Fischer, Sarah E. Burke, Douglas C. Montgomery, and Bradley Jones
In developmental or operational testing there are usually multiple performance and quality metrics that are of interest in an experiment, but much of the research in designed experiments is focused on having only one response variable. This research provides a general solution to finding a test design for multiple responses that follow different distributions. In test and evaluation, the budget can be limiting due to high test costs. Sequential testing is also not often possible due to the complexity of the tests. Therefore, multi-objective optimization is needed to identify a designed experiment in these test environments.
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2024 Vol. 29, #1 - Revealing Bridges in Social Networks
James Andrew Leinart and Richard F. Deckro
For various reasons, social network and group components may be unrevealed. In a terrorist network, a military/security organization attempting to dismantle the network is unlikely to know all individuals and/or their interactions and roles. The ability to characterize and detect key individuals that connect network groups, i.e., bridges, could be valuable in the national security structure’s efforts. This research develops a statistical method to identify which individual(s) in social network groups are bridges, and infer the existence of a bridge from group data that does not contain information about the bridge or its contacts. Additionally, an approach for recreating the ground truth net-work once a bridge’s existence has been detected is presented.
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