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76th MORSS
United States Coast Guard Academy
10-12 June 2008
Composite Group C
Joint Warfare
WG 11: Unmanned Systems
CHAIR: Roger Chapman Burk, United States Military Academy, 703.244.2954, roger.burk@usma.edu
CO-CHAIRS: MAJ Darryl Ahner, TRADOC Analysis Center Monterey, 831.656.7574, darryl.ahner@us.army.mil; and, Paul Richmond, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 601.634.2689, paul.w.richmond@erdc.usace.army.mil
ADVISOR: Russ Gottfried, Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, 408.742.3121, Russell.gottfried@lmco.com
As technology and tactics progress, Unmanned Systems operations seem to be changing faster than analysts can keep up. Every month or two we hear about a new unmanned air vehicle (UAV), unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), or unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) being designed, produced, or deployed. Furthermore, in the ongoing Global War on Terror, our tactics change and the enemy adapts. These changes create three pressures on analysts. The first is to keep track of technological developments and to gather data from ongoing operations, to keep the analysis grounded in reality and to capture what has been learned about what works and what doesn’t. The second pressure is to keep ahead of actual deployment, so that the results can give guidance on how best to employ new capabilities. The third pressure is to find time to share one’s work with other analysts, so that we can all learn from others who have worked on similar problems, so as to expand our analyses and provide for a more secure world.
WG 11 is looking for papers addressing all aspects of unmanned vehicles, including air, ground, water surface, and underwater. In keeping with the dynamic nature of the unmanned system community, we will welcome papers describing ongoing analyses, data collection, problem formulation, metric definition, operational experience, and so on, as well as completed analyses. By sharing our ongoing work, we can become better analysts. The following areas promise to be especially important to future security, and so will be of particular interest this year:
- Cooperation between manned and unmanned vehicles
- “Swarm” control of unmanned vehicles: controlling a group as a single unit, giving the group a general task, with individual vehicles autonomously determining how to cooperate
- Optimal unit assignment of unmanned systems, both in numbers and echelon
- Employment of unmanned ground vehicles and very small unmanned aerial vehicles in urban combat, particularly in security and clearing operations
- Use of unmanned vehicles for detection of improvised explosive devices (IEDs)
- Use of unmanned vehicles for border patrol
- Flexible operation of unmanned air vehicles in civil airspace, including “see and avoid” capabilities for avoiding other air traffic
- Use of high-altitude long-endurance UAVs for maritime patrol
- UAVs for communication relay
- Extremely long endurance UAVs (days or weeks), both aerodynamic and aerostatic
- Weaponization of UAVs
- Unmanned boats for harbor security
- UUVs for mine detection and clearance
WG 12: Land & Expeditionary Warfare
CHAIR: Mr. Randall Clements, Model Management Directorate, TRAC-FLVN, 913-684-9145, Randall.Clements@us.army.mil
CO-CHAIRS: Ms. Jolene Mathis, Joint Operations Directorate, TRAC-FLVN, 913-684-6886, Jolene.Hostetter@us.army.mil; and, Ms. Shaynah Schnelle, Scenario & Wargaming Directorate, TRAC-FLVN, 913-684-9315, Shaynah.Schnelle@us.army.mil
ADVISOR: Ms. Cindy Grier, Joint Operations Directorate, TRAC-FLVN, 816-383-1425, Cindy.Grier@us.army.mil
Recent operational deployments suggest a number of new, and historically recurring demands and opportunities for America’s land forces to include direct combat, force protection, and counterinsurgency operations. Anticipated environments for future operations include a substantial proportion of operations in complex and urban terrain. As future combat systems emerge, we see an increased reliance on organic and supporting air platforms, surveillance as well as strike, and on systems that enhance the commander’s situational awareness of the battlespace.
The future threat will likely be elusive and adaptive, employing asymmetric methods and technologies whenever possible to offset his disadvantages. These innovative and resourceful tactics include actions taken by the threat to operate outside the established rules of engagement, actions that deny friendly forces entry into theater and sanctuary within theater, actions that seek to preserve/reinstall a hostile regime, and attacks against perceived weaknesses in complex friendly systems.
In light of this projected operational environment, threat, and the transforming Joint force, Working Group 12 seeks presentations that address operations research techniques, methodologies and models that examine:
- Operations in complex and urban terrain,
- Operations against a future adaptive threat,
- Counterinsurgency operations,
- Benefits from increased commander’s situational awareness, and
- Air-ground operations within the future operational environments.
We challenge all analytical agencies, services and schools to participate with presentations that can serve to enlighten our community on current studies and the future direction of land and expeditionary warfare. Efforts of interest include, but are not limited to historical, current, and future force analysis, innovative application of modeling and simulation (M&S), and studies that underpin the development of future warfighting concepts, to include control measures and tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP). Related topics include methods to address the issues and effects of force protection, collateral damage, and the avoidance of fratricide. Additionally, topics should be consistent with the 76th MORS Symposium theme – Expanding Analysis for a More Secure World.
WG 13: Littoral Warfare & Regional Sea Control
CHAIR: Mr. Thomas D. Butherus, NSWC PC, (850) 235-5663, thomas.butherus@navy.mil
CO-CHAIRS: Mr. Adam Martin, MCCDC, (703) 432-8018, martinar@mccdc.usmc.mil; and, Mr. Gary Williams, Lockheed-Martin, (607) 751-5187, gary.e.williams@lmco.com
ADVISOR: Ms. Nelky Rodriguez, NSWC PC, (850) 235-5604, nelky.rodriguezcasan@navy.mil
INTRODUCTION TO LITTORAL WARFARE: The littoral regions of the world are where American influence and power have the greatest impact and are needed most often. Naval forces will be focused on defeating anti-access capabilities in the form of small, fast surface combatants, quiet diesel submarines, and sea mines. This will enable control of the seas near land, assuring freedom of maneuver of joint forces from the sea base to the objective. These types of operations will require a broad spectrum of naval capabilities, which are currently characterized by the following: (1) Sea Strike, the projection of offensive power; (2) Sea Shield, the projection of defensive power; and (3) Sea Basing, the projection of sovereignty to team with and provide enhanced support for joint forces afloat and ashore. These capabilities are integrated by an initiative to tie together naval, joint, and national information grids to achieve unprecedented situational awareness and knowledge management, known as ForceNet.
Ensuring our dominance in the littorals to project power ashore and influence the land campaign, for both the near- and long-term future, will require innovative and perhaps radical concepts for systems, tactics, support, and force structure. It is imperative that we dedicate the effort required to develop these concepts; however, it is clear that our evolving, integrated naval capability must be built wisely, with limited resources, and assured effectiveness. Fresh ideas and bold new concepts, bolstered by sound analytic thought, are essential to foster the creativity and critical thinking needed.
PURPOSE: The goal of the Littoral Warfare and Regional Sea Control Working Group is to promote the exchange of analytical techniques and peer review of methodologies and results from research performed in support of this warfare area. This is achieved to provide a means for continued growth of military operations research, and related disciplines, as applied to the littoral warfare and regional sea control missions of the naval forces.
GOAL FOR 76th MORSS: The principal focus of this year’s WG 13 will be to examine littoral warfare and regional sea control in contingency operations, and within the framework of joint warfare. Our objective, in keeping with the 76th MORSS theme, “Expanding Analysis for a More Secure World”, will be to enhance Naval OR in this area by calling for papers that link their analytical conclusions to practical recommendations. This goal will be realized through the submission, acceptance and presentation of innovative papers displaying original and focused analysis that stimulates thought, commentary, and perhaps, even controversy.
WG 14: Strike Warfare and Power Projection
CHAIR: Mr. Jim Dettbarn, Lockheed Martin Corporation, 817-762-1819, jim.dettbarn@lmco.com
CO-CHAIRS: Mr. Dave Flanigan, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 240-228-8129, david.flanigan@jhuapl.edu; Ms Amy Howell, Lockheed Martin Corporation, 817-777-8135, amy.e.howell@lmco.com; Mr. Tim Sullivan, Lockheed Martin Corporation, 856-638-7309, timothy.j.sullivan@lmco.com; Mr. David Szostowski, Lockheed Martin Corporation, 610-531-5954, david.j.szostowski@lmco.com; and, Mr Thomas Woods, USSTRATCOM J822, (402) 232-5386, WOODST@stratcom.mil
ADVISOR: Mr. Scott Simpkins, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 240-228-3718, scott.simpkins@jhuapl.edu
National security depends on the complementary application of diplomatic, economic, intellectual and military instruments of national power. Joint Vision 2020 and related Service doctrine documents provide a framework for the transformation of United States Armed Forces to maintain “full spectrum dominance” during military operations. Projection of power, precision engagement, information superiority, and innovation are key operational capabilities and enablers that enable military forces to dominate the future battlespace and achieve national security objectives.
The projection of power through strike warfare addresses our nation’s ability to implement policy by means of force using Carrier Strike Groups (CSG), Expeditionary Strike Groups (ESG), land and sea-based strike/attack capabilities (kinetic and non-kinetic), or combinations of joint forces. As defined in Joint Vision 2020, precision engagement is the ability of joint forces to locate, track, and generate desired effects with decisive speed and accuracy throughout the spectrum of military operations. WG 14 is seeking papers and presentations that focus on the development and evaluation of concepts of operation; tactics, techniques, and procedures; systems; and new technologies that support warfare derived from the following activities:
- Studies and analysis
- Test and evaluation
- Experimentation
- Advanced Concept Technology Demonstrations
- Modeling and simulation
- Training exercises
WG 14 encourages submission of abstracts on a wide range of topics including:
- Command, control, and communication
- Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance
- Information Superiority and Network Centric Operations
- Effects-based operations (kinetic and non-kinetic)
- Analysis, to include modeling, mission planning, execution and assessment
- Joint fire support
- Strategic attack
- Land/Sea-based strike
- Deep fires
- Precision weapon employment
- Diplomatic, Intelligence, Military and Economic (DIME) effects
- Regional influence through presence
WG 15: Air Warfare
CHAIR: Branford McAllister, Jacobs Engineering, (850) 729-6102, branford.mcallister@eglin.af.mil
CO-CHAIRS: Chuck Sadowski, Booz Allen Hamilton , (757) 764-1704, charles.sadowski.ctr@langley.af.mil; Paul Sheridan, CACI, (561) 625-3233, psheridan@caci.com; Ken Mellin, Sparta Inc., (719) 721-7071, ken_mellin@sparta.com; Jeff Dubois, General Dynamics, jeffrey.dubois@wpafb.af.mil, (937) 255-0960; and, Michael Goodman, General Dynamics, Michael.Goodman@gdc4s.com, (407) 281-5633
ADVISOR: Chris Linhardt, General Dynamics, chris.linhardt@wpafb.af.mil, (937) 904-4453
It has become clear that when most effectively used, military power is integrated, combined, and joint. The Air Warfare Working Group is focused on one of several components of integrated military power: the employment of combat air power. Our focus includes the effective utilization of relevant sub-systems, operational employment concepts, and the integration of air assets during the conduct of joint and combined military operations that support national strategic and theater operational objectives.
Combat air power is intended to achieve specific desired effects that contribute directly to the achievement of military and political outcomes and objectives. Therefore, the primary focus of this working group is on conventional combat missions intended to destroy, degrade, defeat, or disrupt enemy forces. These missions include Counter-Air (Offensive and Defensive), Counter-Land (Close Air Support and Interdiction), Counter-Sea, and Strategic Attack.
The entire air warfare domain is rapidly changing and increasingly challenging as the environment and employment concepts evolve. Specifically, some of the toughest challenges we have faced in the combat arena, providing the most fertile ground for analysis, are the following: rules of engagement, target identification, prevention of fratricide, effects-based operations, battle management, command and control, tactical control of air assets, integration of unmanned aerial systems, time-critical targeting, employment of air-delivered munitions in a net-centric environment, hard targets, moving targets, preventing collateral damage, urban targets, and challenges, such as interoperability in the joint and combined arena.
Therefore, the emphasis of WG 15 presentations is on applications, analyses, tools, concepts, and methodologies that improve our understanding of the dynamic phenomena of air warfare and the myriad of factors that impact success. These factors include air vehicle performance, capabilities of air-delivered munitions, emerging technologies, countermeasures, concepts of employment, doctrine, tactics, techniques, procedures, rules of engagement, combat identification, threats, operating environments, proficiency, interoperability, and air operations planning.
WG 15 strives to assist in developing capabilities to cope with emerging threats, new environments, and technological breakthroughs. In keeping with the MORS President’s theme of “Analysis for a More Secure World,” this objective requires the development of new analytical tools, processes, applications, methodologies, and metrics. Thus, we provide a forum for discussions and presentations relating to the unique challenges faced when attempting to conceptualize, model, simulate, analyze, and experiment with the employment of combat air power and the many factors, many noted above, that affect success in the combat arena and improve our understanding of air warfare.
Final paper selection will be based on both the 76th MORS Symposium theme and the focus of this working group. Presentations will be made in individual working group, combined working group, or composite group sessions. Presenters should be prepared to deliver their briefings in 30-45 minute periods including questions.
WG 16: Special Operations & Irregular Warfare
CHAIR: Ms. Renee Carlucci, Center for Army Analysis, (703) 806-5617 renee.carlucci@us.army.mil
CO-CHAIRS: Dr Darrall Henderson, Sphere Analytical Solutions, 859-327-3623, Darrall.Henderson@us.army.mil; Mr. Bruce Simpson, USSOCOM, (813) 826-4906, simpsob@socom.mil; LTC Paul (Lee) Ewing, Naval Postgraduate School, 831-656-3040, paul.ewing@us.army.mil; Mr. William (Bill) J. Krondak, TRADOC Analysis Center-Fort Leavenworth, 913-684-5426, William.Krondak@us.army.mil; Mr. H. J. Orgeron, Center for Army Analysis, 703-806-5464, touggy.orgeron@us.army.mil; and, Dr. Dean S. Hartley III, Hartley Consulting, 865-425-9752, DSHartley3@comcast.net
ADVISOR: LTC Clark Heidelbaugh, Joint Staff J7, (703) 695-9029. Clark.Heidelbaugh@js.pentagon.mil
The Special Operations community applies its resources on the leading edge in the Global War on Terror. The challenges posed by transnational terrorists and focus on irregular threats from Defense Strategy create an Irregular Warfare environment that highlights the importance of the Special Operations mission areas. These are not well covered by other, more traditionally oriented Working Groups within MORS. Yet they can benefit richly from the analytical community in the areas of mission planning tools and analytical aids, simulations and analysis of the wide variety of operational environments, and by systemic collection and dissemination of lessons learned from previous operations.
Irregular warfare is a warfighting philosophy that seeks to achieve strategic objectives primarily by non-traditional means. Irregular warfare may include the following operations: psychological operations, information operations, counter proliferation of WMD, counter terrorism, counterinsurgency, intelligence activities, computer network operations, foreign internal defense, and stability operations, among others. Although irregular warfare continues to be a core competency of Special Operations Forces, many organizations in the Department of Defense as well as other government departments and agencies contribute capabilities (indirectly or directly) to irregular warfare operations. Working Group 16 (WG 16) seeks to provide a forum for all contributors to irregular warfare.
The conduct of operations such as peacekeeping and peace enforcement missions, disaster relief and humanitarian assistance are also characterized by relatively small scale operations, very focused and specific missions, and a lack of conventional mission effectiveness criteria. WG 16 brings these communities together not because they are the same, but because they share similar characteristics to the analytical community. The skills of the analytical community assist operational personnel in dealing with the risk and uncertainty of diverse missions and functions, allocation of critical resources, and formulation and evaluation of policy decisions that affect current and future obligations of special operations forces. From operational assessment functions of key lines of operation in the prosecution of the GWOT to decision analysis applications aiding in resource investment and application, the WG 16 venue welcomes a breadth of presentations of work that span analysis addressing issues supporting critical decisions faced by operators and analysts when dealing within these domains.
WG 17: Joint Campaign Analysis
CHAIR: R. Eric Johnson, Unisys Corp, (703) 601-0417, richard.e.johnson@unisys.com
CO-CHAIRS: Michael A. Ottenberg, AT&T Government Solutions (OSD/PA&E Simulation and Analysis Center), (703) 696-9360, michael.ottenberg.ctr@osd.mil; Paul J. Bross, Lockheed Martin Corporation Center for Innovation, (757) 935-9504, paul.bross@lmco.com; and, LTC John Crino, OSD/PA&E Simulation and Analysis Center, (703) 696-9360, john.crino@osd.mil
ADVISOR: Ken Wagner, USJFCOM J7, (757) 203-5335, Kenneth.wagner@jfcom.mil
The integration of land, sea, air, and special operations forces into a joint campaign is a demanding challenge for warfighters. The synergies, complementary capabilities, and sometimes competing demands of each combat element require a unique balance to enable the warfighter to achieve overall campaign objectives in an optimum manner. The challenge to military operations research professionals is to provide responsive, credible analyses informing decision makers of the results, insights and alternatives of joint warfighting campaigns, which will allow civilian and military leaders to successfully tackle critical national security issues.
The focus of Working Group 17 is to provide a forum for discussions and presentations that relate to joint campaigns. The working group emphasizes the unique challenges faced when attempting to model, simulate, and analyze joint warfighting operations. Results of analysis will be presented and measures of effectiveness will be discussed. Peer review of the analysis techniques and results will be an important element of the working group activity. Of special interest to Working Group 17 are models, analytical simulations, and other automated tools supporting joint campaign analysis.
The Joint Campaign Analysis Working Group concentrates on events that are bringing significant change and visibility to the national defense establishment and its analytical community. As the Society’s 76th Symposium convenes, our armed forces will be focusing resources along a variety of fronts: homeland defense, war on terror/irregular warfare, as well as conventional campaigns.
Supporting agencies and staffs use a variety of analytical techniques, tools, and processes to investigate and help unified, joint task force and component commanders better understand the unique aspects of their campaign environments. This support to unified and joint force commanders has a direct impact on how our armed forces conduct military operations, and help improve the quality of decision-making. The Working Group is interested in providing a forum for illuminating examples of this analytical support.
The 76th MORS Symposium provides Working Group 17 the opportunity to review recent work that has a proximate influence on joint campaign analysis, look into the future and inform the direction of change, and share with the community possible directions, cautions, and other benefits of its experience.
Prime candidates of interest to Working Group 17 are analysis, study efforts, research techniques, methodologies and models that:
- Present results of completed or in-progress warfighting analysis
- Support programming and policy decisions
- Inform the direction and scope of transforming forces
- Assist deliberate and crisis action decision-making
- Improve automated decision support tools
Working Group 17 earnestly solicits the opportunity to sponsor the presentation of thought-provoking papers in these areas. Final paper selection will be based on the 76th MORS Symposium theme – Expanding Analysis for a More Secure World -- and their relevance for joint campaign analysis. Based on previous symposia, presenters should be prepared to deliver their briefings in 30-45 minutes periods including questions. Works-in-progress, as well as completed papers, are welcome.
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